William Miller s The Crucible - 1262 Words

1.Participate in the Salem Witch Trials. Write a paragraph response, as the accused, describing your feelings. Salem Witchcraft Hysteria. National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 2005. Web. 24 Sept. 2015. As the accused I feel hurt, betray and sorrowful. I have known these people all my life. We have grown up together and now they are believing a group of young girls saying that I am a witch. I don’t understand! I am a good Christian woman. I can not confess to witchcraft though. For it is â€Å"better to lose your life than your soul† (Salem). I will stand true and not lie no matter what the outcome is but truly I’m broken on the inside. 2.What are the main differences between the historical witch trials and†¦show more content†¦I consider the date they were hung very minor. He was trying to show the amount of deaths in a short period of time. 3.Read an article and interview with Linnda Caporael. Consider information in this article on the trials. What do you think of Caporael s theories? Can they adequately explain the hysteria in Salem? What other forces could have been at work? Explain your answer. Clark, Josh. Ergot Poisoning Theory. HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks, 18 Jan. 2008. Web. 25 Sept. 2015. I think that Caporael’s theory was a good guess but I do not think it is true. Just like Dr. Peter Hoffer said â€Å"Why only the girls, why not others?† (Clark) and the many other questions. I do not think they are an accurate proposal. I feel like if it was poisoning then more people would have been infected. The girls had symptoms other than those of the poison. I truly believe it was mass hysteria. I think that maybe one girl had a cold or a minor sickness and that helped it start up but for the most part it was hysteria. 4.What similarities do you see between Miller s description of McCarthyism and the Salem Witch Trials? What is your response or reaction to Miller s article? Miller, Arthur. Are You Now or Were You Ever? N.p., 17 June 2000. Web. 28 Sept. 2015. Just like in the Salem Witch Trials people are believing everything they hear. No one is researching it they are just going with it.

Globalization Chinese Culture - 1745 Words

Some people argue that globalization has made some cultures perish. Do you think globalization will have the same effect on Chinese culture? Does globalization have a positive or negative effect on Chinese culture? Why? Generally speaking, what are the advantages and disadvantages of globalization? |The development of globalization has changed the whole world in every aspect. Not only does it |å… ¨Ã§ Æ'Ã¥Å'â€"çš„å â€˜Ã¥ ±â€¢Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥ â€žÃ¤ ¸ ªÃ¦â€" ¹Ã©  ¢Ã©Æ' ½Ã¥ · ²Ã§ » Ã¦â€ ¹Ã¥ ËœÃ¤ ºâ€ Ã¦â€¢ ´Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¤ ¸â€"ç•Å'。å ®Æ'ä ¸ Ã¤ »â€¦Ã¥ ½ ±Ã¥â€œ Ã§ » Ã¦ µÅ½Ã¥â€™Å'| |effect the economy and politics, but the culture of different countries. During the process, |æ” ¿Ã¦ ² »Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ½â€ Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ Å'å› ½Ã¥ ® ¶Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"。åÅ" ¨Ã¨ ¿â„¢Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¨ ¿â€¡Ã§ ¨â€¹Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸Å"æâ€" ¹Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"Ã¥ · ²Ã¨ ¾ Ã¥ °â€žÃ¦â€" °Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦ ´ »Ã¥Å â€º| |oriental culture has radiated new vitality and displayed extremely bright prospect. After the |ï ¼Å'æ˜ ¾Ã§ ¤ ºÃ© Å¾Ã¥ ¸ ¸Ã¥â€¦â€°Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥â€° Ã¦â„¢ ¯Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§ » Ã¨ ¿â€¡Ã¦ ¼ «Ã©â€¢ ¿Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"Ã¥  ¸Ã¥â€™Å'å› ¢Ã¨ Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸Å"æâ€" ¹Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"é‡ Ã¦â€" °Ã¦â€° ¾| |long cultural division and reunion, Oriental cultural†¦show more content†¦The third one is to combine |ä ¸Å½Ã¨â€¡ ªÃ§â€ž ¶Ã¥â€™Å'è ° Ã¯ ¼Å'åŠ ªÃ¥Å â€ºÃ¨Å½ ·Ã¥ ¾â€"内å ¿Æ'çš„å ¹ ³Ã© â„¢Ã¦ ¸ Ã¦ ¸ Ã¦â€" ¹Ã¥ ¼ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ© â€œÃ¦â€¢â„¢Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§ â€ Ã¨ ® ºÃ¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã¨ °Æ'æ• ´Ã¤ º º| |Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism into one. Most of them have widely accepted and learned by |ä ¸Å½Ã¨â€¡ ªÃ§â€ž ¶Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥â€¦ ³Ã§ ³ »Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥  ¦Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¦â€" ¹Ã©  ¢Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ®Æ'æ  Ã¤ ¾â€ºÃ¤ ºâ€ Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦â€" ¹Ã¦ ³â€¢Ã¦  ¥Ã©â€¡Å Ã¦â€ ¾Ã¤ º ºÃ¤ ¸Å½Ã§Å½ ¯Ã¥ ¢Æ'| |different nations.. |ä ¹â€¹Ã©â€" ´Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§Å¸â€ºÃ§â€º ¾Ã¯ ¼Å'甚è‡ ³Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ Å'ç § Ã¦â€" Ã§ ¾ ¤Ã¤ ½â€œÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ¨ ¿â„¢Ã¥ ° ±Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ ¸ ºÃ¤ »â‚¬Ã¤ ¹Ë†Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥â€º ½Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"ä ¸ ­Ã¯ ¼Å'ä » Ã©Å"ۏ ¦ | | |Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¤ ¸â€"ç•Å'ä ¸Å Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ¥ ½Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥ ¤â€žÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ¦ ² ¡Ã¦Å"‰å ¿â€¦Ã¨ ¦ Ã¥  ¦Ã¨ ® ¤Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ­â€Ã¥ ­ Ã¥ ±Å¾Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥â€º ½Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¹Å¸Ã¥ ±Å¾Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã¤ ¸â€"ç•Å'。åÅ" ¨| |Another important philosophy is Taoism .It reflects the peoples way of life that embodies their|ä ¸Å"æâ€" ¹Ã¤ ¸â€"ç•Å'ï ¼Å'ä ¹Å¸Ã¦Å"‰ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ºâ€ºÃ¥â€¦ ¶Ã¤ »â€"æâ€"‡åÅ'â€"ï ¼Å'Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¥  °Ã¥ º ¦Ã¦â€¢â„¢Ã¯ ¼Å'è ¿â„¢Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã§Å½ °Ã¥ ­ËœÃ¦Å"ی  ¤Ã¨â‚¬ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ®â€"æ•™ï ¼Å'| |yearning to be in harmony with nature and try to get the inner peace gradually. The theory of |è ¿â„¢Ã¦Å"‰åŠ ©Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã¥ ¯ ¹Ã¤ ½â€ºÃ¦ ³â€¢Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦ ¦â€šÃ¥ ¿ µÃ¯ ¼Å'ä ½Å"ä ¸ ºÃ¤ ½â€ºÃ¦ ³â€¢Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ®â€"教的è µ ·Ã¦ º Ã¦Å" Ã¥Å  ¡Ã¥â€™Å'ä ¼Å Ã¦â€" ¯Ã¥â€¦ °Ã¦â€¢â„¢--- | |Taoism can adjust the relationship between nature and human. On the other hand, it offers a good|ä ¸â€"ç•Å'ä º ºÃ¥  £Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¦â€¢ °Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§ ©â€ Ã¦â€" ¯Ã¦Å¾â€"ä ¸â‚¬Ã§â€º ´Ã§â€Å¸Ã¦ ´ »Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¤ ºÅ¡Ã¦ ´ ²Ã¯ ¼Å'ç” ±Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã¤ ¼Å Ã¦â€" ¯Ã¥â€¦ °Ã¦â€"‡æ˜Žçš„å ½ ±Ã¥â€œ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ¸â€"| |method to release the contradiction between human and environment, even among different ethnic |ç•Å'æ˜ ¯Ã¦Ëœ ¾Ã§ â‚¬Ã§â€° ¹Ã§â€š ¹Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¯ ¼Å'å›  Ã¤ ¸ ºÃ¤ »â€"ä » ¬Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ­ËœÃ¥Å" ¨Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ¤Å¡Ã¦   ·Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã£â‚¬â€š | |groups. That is why Chinese culture still takes a great place in the world. There is no need |å… ¶Ã¥ ®Å¾Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸ ­Ã¥â€º ½Ã¥â€™Å'ä ¸Å"æâ€" ¹Ã¤ ¸â€"ç•Å'éÆ' ½Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã¥Å½ »Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¹ ¶Ã¥ ¾â€"åˆ °Ã¥â€¦ ¨Ã§ Æ'Ã¥Å'â€"çš„è ® ¸Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¤ ¸Å"è ¥ ¿Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ½â€œÃ¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¤Å¡| |denying that Confucius belongs to China, and also belongs to the world. In the eastern world, |ä º ºÃ¨ ® ¤Ã¤ ¸ ºÃ¯ ¼Å'ä ½Å"ä ¸ ºÃ§ ¾Å½Ã¥â€º ½Ã¥Å'â€"çš„å… ¨Ã§ Æ'Ã¥Å'â€"ï ¼Å'ä ¸ ­Ã¥â€º ½Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥ â€"è ¶â€¹Ã¥Å  ¿Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ½â€œÃ¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ » ¬Ã¨ µ °Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¨ ¡â€"ä ¸Å Ã¯ ¼Å'| |there are some other cultures, such as Hinduism, which is the oldest surviving religion, which |我ä » ¬Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã¦â€° ¾Ã¥Ë† °Ã¨â€š ¯Ã¥ ¾ ·Ã¥Å¸ ºÃ¦Ë†â€"é º ¦Ã¥ ½â€œÃ¥Å  ³Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥ ®Æ'ä » ¬Ã¥ ¼â€¢Ã¨ µ ·Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¥â€¦ ³Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã¤ ¼  Ã§ »Å¸Ã© £Å¸Ã¥â€œ Ã¤ º §Ã¤ ¸Å¡Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦Ëœ ¾Ã§ â‚¬| |contributed the concept of Dharma and served as the origin of the Dharma religions, and IslamShow MoreRelatedA Brief Introduction for Chinese Culture1468 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduction for Chinese culture Cultural background China, as one of the four homes of the world’s earliest civilization, has a recorded history of nearly 4,000 years. 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While this creates a sense of security and belonging, detrimentsRead MoreGlobalization And Cultural Change : Globalization930 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization Cultural Change Globalization refers the movement toward globally similar social attitudes, linguistic, global trades, through increased connectedness among countries and individuals worldwide. This globalization allows citizens to discover and explore other cultures. As globalization occurs, local cultures need to take an active role. With actively engaged local cultures, globalization can be a win-win situation in both world and local cultures and can lead citizens throughout theRead MoreGlobalization, Glt1, Task 1 Essays818 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization Western Governors University Globalization refers to the development of an integrated world economy, exchange of cultural views, thoughts, and products (Wikipedia, 2013). 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One of the greatest examples of this exchange of culture is the prevalence of Chinese culture in theRead MoreThroughout This Cultural Anthropology Class, One Consistent1451 Words   |  6 Pagesperceived in different ways depending on the culture. In this article, entitled â€Å"Ambiguous States: Confucius Institutes and Chinese Soft Power in the U.S. Classroom,† by anthropo logist Jennifer Hubbert, the idea of the state is explored from the perspective of a Chinese initiative, the Confucius Institute. During these programs, Chinese teachers came to the United States to educate American students about Chinese culture and language, as paid for by the Chinese state. Hubbert conducted her fieldwork atRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Chicago s Chinatown847 Words   |  4 Pagesdowntown, I arrived Chinatown. Usually I go to Chinatown once a week because I am from China and thus I really like Chinese food. First, I went to Little Lamb Hot Pot to have my dinner. 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This move was especially favorableRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On The People Of China1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Globalization is a worldwide growth phenomenon where economies, communities, and traditions are being integrated through increased interaction (Goodman). However, the phenomenon has come amid controversies. It has both positive and negative effects on the globe. Positive effects include globalization of western corporations that at some point had their businesses solely operating in the western nations (Goodman). Fast communication channels have interconnected people around the worldRead MoreGlobalization: Local Cultures Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization has been expanding all over the world, yet the debate whether it is good or bad for the world is still being discussed today. 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Standing Tall Japan’s Resilient Luxury Market Free Essays

string(175) " up in some luxury categories, even as they trade down in others – primarily apparel and similar categories with shorter shelf-lives and greater selections of alternatives\." McKinsey Consumer and Shopper Insights June 2012 Standing Tall: Japan’s Resilient Luxury Market Brian Salsberg Naomi Yamakawa Photograph: Abbie Chessler 2 In the immediate aftermath of the tsunami, earthquake and nuclear disaster that hit Japan last year, killing 19,000 people and battering the nation’s already shaky confidence, it was hardly surprising that people didn’t feel like shopping. At the time, the conventional wisdom was that such restraint was likely to last. People would still have to shop for essentials, of course, but the market for things like high-fashion apparel and luxury handbags was surely bound to suffer long-term damage. We will write a custom essay sample on Standing Tall: Japan’s Resilient Luxury Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now Such thinking made eminent sense – except it didn’t happen. Fifteen months on, today’s luxury market looks a lot like the luxury market that existed the day before the Great East Japan Earthquake, much as we anticipated in last year’s report. 1 Our findings at the time were necessarily tentative, coming as they did less than three months after the disasters. Today, we can assert this with more confidence. When asked if the disasters had changed their attitudes, for example, fewer than 20 percent of the 1,450 Japanese consumers we interviewed were less interested in shopping for luxury goods than they were before the disasters (Exhibit 1). The Cabinet Office’s Consumer Confidence Survey report from May 15, 2012, shows that consumer confidence has risen strongly since March 2011 (to 40. 3) and is back to up to levels last seen in 2010. Moreover, in a small but telling sample, when we asked 20 Japan-based luxury company CEOs about their sales outlook, every single one said 2012 would be better than 2011, and almost three-quarters said that the disasters of 2011 had no effect (63 percent) or, counter-intuitively, had a positive effect (10 percent) on company performance. Seventy percent of CEOs Exhibit 1: A vast majority of consumers still have strong interest in luxury Which best describes your own attitudes towards shopping for luxu ry goods since the earthquake and tsunami on March 11? Percent selecting â€Å"Somewhat less interested,† or â€Å"Less interested† on a 5-point scale Less interested 20s n = 224 30s n = 497 40s n = 414 50s+ n = 323 4. 6 5. 8 10. 4 Somewhat less interested 7. 8 14. 6 22. 4 8. 2 12. 8 21. 0 12. 5 15. 7 28. 2 SOURCE: McKinsey Japan Luxury Consumer Survey 2012 were optimistic about the near future and the prospects for Japan’s luxury market (Exhibit 2). Japan’s luxury market rings up between $10-20 billion a year in sales (depending on how the market is defined). That figure is unlikely to grow much, given Japan’s shrinking population, slow economic growth, and cost-conscious consumer attitudes. Strictly from a sales ratio perspective, Japan’s luxury market will continue to wane in importance for most luxury manufacturers. A case in point is LVMH. Just five years ago, Japan accounted for 13 percent of the Exhibit 2: Most executives we surveyed maintain an optimistic view of the future of Japan’s luxury market Which best represents your perspective on the mediumterm future of the luxury goods market in Japan? Percent; n = 20 Somewhat pessimistic 30 35 Optimistic 35 Somewhat optimistic SOURCE: 2012 Luxury CEO survey 1. http://csi. mckinsey. com/Home/Knowledge_by_region/Asia/Japan/japanluxury. aspx 2. Cabinet Office of Japan, http://www. esri. cao. go. jp/en/stat/shouhi/shouhi-e. html 3 â€Å"When it comes to watches, we see customers trading up to higher-end brands and higher-end products. † —Japan president, luxury watch manufacturer company’s global revenue. By 2011, the figure had dropped to 8 percent (and that marked an improvement from 2010). Compare that performance with the rest of Asia, where the company’s sale share rose from 17 percent to 27 percent over the same period. 3 And yet, such figures make it easy to lose sight of one simple reality: Japan remains the world’s third-largest luxury market, after the US and China. more high-end brands than cheaper brands. Not surprisingly, their spending on luxury is not as high as for other age groups, but a higher percentage of them are active in the luxury market (5 percent compared to 2. 3 percent of those age 50 and up). This cohort are more likely to be willing to pay full price and are also more likely to see owning luxury goods as something special. As for men, while they make up a minority of luxury shoppers in Japan, they have stayed more loyal to expensive brands. There are an estimated 3 million men under the age of 34 living alone in Japan. According to government data, average incomes for this group increased by 7 percent Exhibit 3: in 2011, and their spending jumped by 13 percent. Compare this to single women, whose spending grew less than 2 percent, and the average Japanese consumer, whose spending dropped. Young men, it seems, saw the March 11 disaster as a good reason to live for the moment, and Japan’s luxury goods market appears to be a beneficiary. Finally, when we look at segmentation by income, Japanese who spend more than a million yen (about $12,000) a year on luxury goods are more than three times as likely to say they are switching to high-end brands than to low-end brand s (Exhibit 3). Those who spend less than half as much are reporting the opposite. What we learned Here are some of the most striking insights from McKinsey’s 2012 Luxury Consumer Survey: ? Japan is a market of markets That is, some niches and segments are more promising than others. In terms of products, for example, highend Swiss watches, such as Rolex, Omega, Piaget, and TAG Heuer, have reportedly enjoyed significant growth in the past year. 4 Why? Because luxury consumers seek both emotional and functional benefits. A great watch, they believe, is the kind of item that appreciates in value and can be passed down to the next generation. In terms of behavior, there is opportunity on the sales floor. For reasons that range from a more stable economy to better upselling skills, consumers are trading up in some luxury categories, even as they trade down in others – primarily apparel and similar categories with shorter shelf-lives and greater selections of alternatives. You read "Standing Tall: Japan’s Resilient Luxury Market" in category "Papers" Demographically, younger consumers and men are worthy of particular attention. Twentysomethings are the only group buying Big spenders appear to be â€Å"trading up† to higher-end brands Annual luxury spend (JPY) I am purchasing luxury goods . . . Less often More often Above 1 mil (n = 48) 15 8 I have switched to buying . . More high-end Cheaper brands brands 6 21 0. 5-1 mil (n = 100) 16 5 9 14 Up to 0. 5 mil (n = 953) 22 4 15 5 SOURCE: McKinsey Japan Luxury Consumer Survey 2012 Photograph: Abbie Chessler 3. Wall Street Journal, February 21, 2012. 4. Nikkei Weekly, April 2, 2012. 5. Statistics Bureau of Japan, â€Å"F amily Income and Expenditure Survey,† first quarter, 2012. 4 ? Experience is increasingly valued The in-store experience is a key element in enjoying luxury, and it may be particularly important in Japan, whose customers are renowned for their high service standards. Asked what were the key elements that enhanced the buying experience, the top two answers Japanese consumers gave were: 1) The staff was kind, and 2) The staff was knowledgeable. Responses were consistent across categories. Luxury executives tell us that for their best customers, the in-store experience and overall customer relationship are nearly as important as product performance. Luxury brands, by definition, are about high quality and exclusivity; providing an excellent customer experience helps to deliver something extra, and those we spoke with are convinced that doing so is well worth the investment. One executive told us that his company, a luxury automaker, saw tremendous value in closely monitoring the daily customer relationship management activities of its sales team and using the information to coach staff, not only on closing a sale, but on upselling various options and features. The value of experience also comes through in what consumers tell us they want. There is clear potential for luxury experiences to become â€Å"the next big thing. † Asked their level of interest in various products, those 30 and up named luxury hotels above all others (it ame in second among those in their 20s). Spas and beauty services also scored highly (Exhibit 4). We also asked one of our favorite questions from previous surveys: â€Å"Imagine you won 300,000 yen (about $3,800) in a lottery today. How would you spend it? † Except for those in their 20s, travel scored highest by a decisive margin (Exhibit 5). ? Digital marketing in Japan has far to go Even the executives we spoke to agreed with this. More than twothirds of them admitted that luxury brands have been â€Å"less successful† Exhibit 4: n capturing the changing behavior of consumers, and just 15 percent called online sales a â€Å"meaningful† part of their business in Japan. At the same time, 90 percent said online marketing and promotion was â€Å"somewhat† or â€Å"very† important. A look at the demographics confirms that digital complacency would be a mistake for most luxury players. For one thing, women are more likely than men Are luxury-branded experiences the next big trend? Very interested Interested Think about the luxury brands you like most. When that brand is associated with the following product or service, what would be your level of interest? Percentage of those who are â€Å"very interested† and â€Å"interested† on a scale of 6; n = 1,458 Total Hotel Perfume Home textiles Cosmetics Furniture Spa and other beauty service Home electronic products 13 10 9 10 8 9 8 26 20 21 19 19 17 17 30 30 29 27 26 25 39 20s 14 16 12 16 9 15 24 23 26 29 25 30 33 38 36 45 40 45 30s 14 11 10 12 9 10 27 21 22 20 20 23 24 32 32 32 29 33 41 40s 15 24 39 50s+ 9 5 6 26 19 19 25 25 35 10 15 25 10 18 29 10 14 23 9 15 24 9 12 21 11 18 29 5 16 21 3 20 4 10 14 22 23 9 15 24 7 17 3 19 SOURCE: McKinsey Japan Luxury Consumer Survey 2012 Exhibit 5: Overall, luxury shoppers show an increased appetite for travel Imagine you won 300,000 yen in a lottery today. How would you spend it? Aggregated average by age group; n = 1,458 20s 100% = 244 Luxury goods 26 30s 224 27 40s 497 21 50s+ 414 21 467 22 410 26 257 27 323 22 Travel Hobbies Living expenses Savings Other 27 25 29 32 26 36 37 9 5 20 2 2011 38 12 6 21 2 2012 6 8 32 1 2011 7 7 33 1 2012 9 7 31 3 2011 9 7 30 1 2012 10 8 28 2 2011 11 6 22 4 2012 1 Includes leather goods/bags, shoes, watches/jewelry SOURCE: McKinsey Japan Luxury Consumer Survey 2012 5 We see big tickets becoming even bigger. The level of customization on luxury performance cars has hit a recent high this year: this is where all the money is made. †Ã¢â‚¬â€President, luxury car manufacturer to use digital means on their Consumer Decision Journey;6 this matters because women account for about 75 percent of luxury sales in Japan. For another, almost 16 percent of 20-somethings who had a smartphone o r tablet had used it for their last luxury purchase, compared to 5 percent for over-50s; and a full 75 percent of younger consumers had used their device to check prices (Exhibit 6). Capturing the younger consumer is vital, given the looming cloud that is Japan’s relentlessly aging society. As established brands strive to ensure they remain relevant to Japan’s technologically-oriented young people, it is plausible, even likely, that a digital component will be central to those efforts. Likewise social media cannot be ignored. A February 2012 Nikkei survey of Japanese smartphone users showed that about 80 percent of women in ther 20s and 30s, 80 percent of men in their 20s, and 60 percent of men in their 30s and 40s use social media. 7 ? Old-school rules – by default Because the luxury experience is so important, it stands to reason that both sexes and all ages strongly prefer to do their high-end shopping in person. They still like it best of all in department stores (Exhibit 7). It would be a mistake, however, to conclude that the department store format is thriving. On the contrary: while the sheer number of department stores in prime locations all but guarantees a large audience of shoppers, the tired format has yet to find its place in today’s more dynamic, user-friendly retail landscape. What it all means Based on this research and our experience with many retail clients, we have identified several important implications. ? Own the interplay between digital and in-store touchpoints and embrace social media Just a few years ago, at one of McKinsey’s annual luxury leader dinners in Japan, the consensus in the room was that social media and Exhibit 6: luxury were mutually exclusive. After all, the thinking went, social media is inclusive by definition, and luxury is exclusive. Today, companies like Burberry are demonstrating just how backward and self-defeating that thinking was. Burberry boasts 12 million Facebook followers, 800,000 Twitter followers, and 12 million views on 250 different YouTube videos. In a statement accompanying Burberry’s results over the sixmonth period to September 30, 2011, Angela Ahrendts, the CEO, Smart phones have become an important tool in purchase process for younger consumers General public Do you own a smartphone or tablet PC? Did you use it for your last luxury purchase? Percent, n = 1,458 Shoppers who used a I used it on my last smartphone or tablet PC on I have smartphone/tablet PC luxury purchase last luxury purchase 20s n = 224 30s n = 497 40s n = 414 50s+ n = 323 12 68 36 53 26 46 20 27 Luxury purchases 23 16 22 12 17 8 19 5 SOURCE: Impress RD ? Smartphone/mobile use trend survey? , 2012 Luxury CEO dinner respondent survey Exhibit 7: Department stores continue to play crucial role for the category, but three other channels are also strong Thinking about the past 12 months, what channels did you visit to buy luxury goods? multiple answer) Department Fashion goods n = 296 Leather goods n = 294 Watch/jewelry n = 270 Shoes n = 236 76. 2 58. 1 64. 2 77. 0 Brand shop 35. 5 27. 0 34. 2 39. 2 17. 0 33. 0 Outlet 39. 7 39. 7 Duty Free Shop 35. 4 32. 3 28. 6 29. 7 SOURCE: McKinsey Japan Luxury Consumer Survey 2012 6. The term â€Å"Consumer Decision Journey† refers to the progression from initial consideration, active evaluation, and moment of purch ase to post-purchase experience and loyalty, first presented in the McKinsey Quarterly, â€Å"The Consumer Decision Journey,† June 2009. 7. Nikkei Shohi Watcher, â€Å"The ‘Smart’ Set is Mainly Female† (â€Å"Suma-ju† na hitobito shuuyaku wa josei), February 2012, p. 22. 6 attributed the company’s strong results to â€Å"continued investment in innovative design, digital marketing, and retail strategies†. Tiffany Co. has also embraced digital media, with a highly regarded e-commerce site, Facebook presence, and even an iPad app showcasing its famous line of engagement rings. A key to succeeding in social media is to deliver the brand story and heritage consistently across media while tailoring messages to the specific consumer segments that are using each media format. It’s also important to understand the role each medium plays in the Consumer Decision Journey. For example, in cosmetics it can be easier to introduce cosmetic routines (e. g. , how and in what sequence to apply the product) in store, but consumers often seek out additional information and reviews online. For apparel and accessories, customers may go to the store to buy, since they want to be able to touch items and try them on. The initial introduction and attraction often happens outside the store – from storefronts, wordof-mouth, or magazines. Winners will be those who can excel at multichannel marketing and sales. ? Make the most of travel retail Japanese consumers love to travel – up to 20 percent of all luxury consumers have shopped abroad in the past 24 months (Exhibit 8). This accounts for the crucial role of dutyfree shops, where a third of luxury consumers have shopped in the last year. Women are particularly prone to stopping by duty-free, with 36 percent of them buying there. As a result of international travel and the Internet, consumers today know what luxury goods cost both inside and outside Japan, and they ay be timing their shopping to take advantage. This is especially poignant for luxury manufacturers – they need to recognize that the consumer relationship with any given brand crosses international borders. That fact has implications for after-sales service, and underscores the importance of maintaining consistency with the face of the brand across both channels and geographies. For a number of years, we have been observing the emergence of â€Å"global tribes†, that is, groupings of consumers who have more in common with their counterparts in other geographies than with their fellow countrymen. Easy access to social media and cheap travel will only deepen this phenomenon. In response, luxury manufacturers will need to do much more than simply accept that today’s consumers are global; they will need to make their brands even more so. ? Manage parallel imports Parallel imports – identical products imported from a foreign country, then sold for much less – cannot be prevented, but can be managed. Some brands are trying to restrict parallel imports by tracking serial numbers to determine where the imports are coming from, and decreasing Exhibit 8: argins for retailers who are caught. Others are putting limits on aftersales services available to parallel imports. Few companies have chosen to move to one global, exchangeadjusted recommended retail price, though that may become a more standard approach. ? Embrace customization and made-to-order luxury Building off a trend popularized by other consumer-goods companies, such as Adidas and Nike in sports footwear , luxury auto manufacturers, and luxury handbag and accessory players are embracing customization. This is consistent with a broader consumer trend in developed markets (the â€Å"My† generation) where niche is replacing mass in many areas and consumers have grown used to customizing everything from their playlists to their iPhone covers. Luxury has always been synonymous with exclusivity, but with so many stores and so many new channels to buy from, we have begun to see a â€Å"commoditization† of exclusivity. In a sense, then, customization is the ultimate in exclusivity. For example, Louis Vuitton recently launched a service in Japan that allows customers to select the leather and then design unique Japanese consumers continue to purchase luxury items abroad 2012 2011 2010 Which of the following places did you make a luxury purchase in last 2 years? Percent of respondents who bought luxury goods in category abroad within last 24 months; multiple answer; 2012 Top 5 Hawaii Korea Europe North America (excluding Hawaii) Hong Kong/Macau SOURCE: McKinsey Japan Luxury Consumer Survey 2011/2012 14 10 12 14 17 17 18 22 21 22 22 25 27 32 19 7 â€Å"We continue to be concerned about the relevance and impact of department stores. We can’t stop experimenting with new concepts. —Japan president, global luxury accessory and apparel player products. Some luxury carmakers tell us their strong revenue growth in Japan has come not because they are selling more cars, but because buyers are loading up on various bells and whistles to create their own personalized, ideal vehicle. Of course, customization comes at a cost to luxury manufacturers, adding complexities to the supply chain a nd beyond. It must be reserved primarily for truly high-end products. the number of car-sharers has increased 10-fold, to 170,000, and revenues ould surge to $550 million by 2016, according to estimates from Frost Sullivan. 9 This shift to value is real and enduring. So, we believe, is the emphasis on discretion. In the wake of the earthquake, the percentage of those who said that showing off luxury goods was in bad taste rose sharply, from 24 percent to 49 percent; this year, it was 51 percent. The quest for value and a desire to avoid the appearance of conspicious consumption are not necessarily antithetical to an appreciation of luxury. These attitudes can co-exist. In fact, that precisely describes the state of the Japanese market: Consumers are ready, willing, and sometimes eager to buy. But they are doing so with rigorous deliberation. Exhibit 9: Brian Salsberg is a principal in McKinsey’s Tokyo office and a leader of the Consumer Shopper Insights center in Asia. Naomi Yamakawa is a marketing expert in Tokyo. The authors wish to thank Georges Desvaux, Todd Guild, Ryu Iwase, Euljeong Moon, Yuka Morita, and Kohei Sakata for their help. Conclusions Only a little more than a year after the worst crisis to hit Japan since World War II, the Japanese luxury market is stable. Ultimately, it comes down to this: despite deflation and disaster, Japanese consumers continue to want luxury goods and to buy them at a good clip. But – and this has been true since the financial crisis hit in 2008 – they are more cautious about price and more demanding. They do not just want an expensive product to look great and to work beautifully, but to satisfy other needs, whether emotional or even social. Half of luxury car buyers, for instance, say that â€Å"eco-friendliness† is important to them (Exhibit 9). The quest for value, in all its forms, is becoming characteristic up and down the retail chain. As we argued in the McKinsey Quarterly in 2010, many consumers have diverted a chunk of their spending away from high-priced prestige. 8 Wal-Mart, Amazon, Costco, Ikea, Daiso, Uniqlo, private-label foods, and the low- to middle-end specialty apparel players are all doing conspicuously well. Then there is carsharing – short-term rentals by the hour. This service barely existed in 2009 (revenues were about $17 million). Today it has become positively mainstream. With many Japanese deterred by the high price of owning and maintaining a car, Photograph: Abbie Chessler What do luxury consumers think of luxury automobiles? 2012 2011 Regarding luxury cars, do you agree/disagree to the below statements? Percent who answered â€Å"strongly agree† and â€Å"agree† within 6 scale; n = 1,458 Luxury cars have characteristics that justify the premium price 20s 30s 40s 50s+ 31 37 33 30 35 33 41 39 9 12 11 11 10 It’s worth the money to buy a luxury car for the superb driving experience 13 13 12 Being â€Å"eco-friendly† is as important for luxury cars as design or driving experience 51 47 48 50 56 52 52 44 SOURCE: McKinsey Japan Luxury Consumer Survey 2012 About the Japan Luxury Consumer Survey McKinsey conducted this national online survey of 1,450 consumers in April and May 2012, for the fourth year in a row. Focusing on four categories (fashion, leather goods, shoes, and watches/jewelry), we interviewed 250 to 300 luxury consumers (defined as those who have purchased any one of 174 brands in the last two years). We also spoke to 350 â€Å"lapsed† luxury buyers. Two-thirds of the respondents were female. 8. McKinsey Quarterly, â€Å"The new Japanese consumer,† March 2010. ttps://www. mckinseyquarterly. com/The_new_Japanese_consumer_2548 9. Frost Sullivan, â€Å"Strategic Analysis of the Car-Sharing Market in Japan,† July 2011 8 What McKinsey’s Consumer and Shopper Insights portal has to offer Where do more than 15,000 executives get their daily dose of consumer insights? csi. mckinsey. com. Sign up now. It’s free. ? ? ? ? ? How are China’s h ypermarkets different from Western ones? (One clue: those live chickens in the food aisle. ) How is the digital consumer changing? (In six major ways. ) How are Mexican consumers feeling? (Not great. Are global luxury shoppers cutting back? (Not so much. ) Is Poland promising territory for online retailers? (Yes. ) The 21st century has already seen the unimaginable and the improbable. But here is one certainty: The world is about to see the biggest increase in consumption in history. Learn all about it—and be part of the conversation—at csi. mckinsey. com. These are just a few of the questions asked and answered on csi. mckinsey. com. As a global consultancy, McKinsey has the resources, and the desire, to explore the ever-changing, ever-elusive global consumer. To take just one example, we have spoken with more than 60,000 Chinese shoppers to discern what they are thinking, buying—and thinking about buying. Here’s another example: Since August 2008, McKinsey has interviewed a representative sample of Americans every six months to track their attitudes and spending. How do the world’s digital consumers spend their online time? We can tell you that, too. While csi. mckinsey. com is a rich forum for McKinsey’s work, we also spotlight the best of others, not only on the site, but on our Facebook and Twitter accounts (@mckinsey_csi). By combining the best of McKinsey and the best of the rest, we add something new to the site almost every day. We believe this makes csi. mckinsey. com the go-to place for those who need the freshest, smartest thinking on why consumers do what they do. What’s next? We want to get our users more involved; we’d also like to diversify how we present our materials. So we hope you will join us as we continue to improve csi. mckinsey. com. Just click the sign-up button on the top right of the site, or email us at McKinseyCSI@McKinsey. com. We’ll send you notices of what’s new about twice a month. ttp://csi. mckinsey. com 9 McKinsey Consumer and Shopper Insights You can dowload McKinsey’s previous luxury reports at http://csi. mckinsey. com July 2010 McKinsey Asia Consumer and Retail McKinsey Asia Consumer and Retail Luxury goods in Japan: Momentary sigh or long sayonara? How luxury companies can succeed in a changing market Japan’s luxury consumer: Detecting a pulse? Special Report: McKinsey Company Japan Luxury Goods Survey 2010 Brian Salsberg Naomi Yamakawa Luxury goods in Japan: Momentary sign or long sayonara? (June 2009) Japan’s luxury consumer: Detecting a pulse? (June 2010) June 2011 Consumer and Shopper Insights August 2011 August 2010 CSI Insights Flash June 2010 McKinsey Consumer and Shopper Insights McKinsey Consumer Shopper Insights Korea’s luxury market: Demanding consumers, but room to grow McKinsey Asia Consumer and Shopper Insights No seismic shift for luxury in postquake Japan Special Report: Japan Luxury Goods Survey 2011 Understanding China’s Growing Love for Luxury By Aimee Kim and Martine Shin Key themes from the 2011 McKinsey Korea Luxury Consumer Survey Every year since 2006, sales of luxury goods in South Korea have risen at least 12%1, to an estimated $4. billion in 2010. In the first four months of 2011, sales at department stores were up more than 30% compared to 2010. 2 This continues an established trend, as last year’s report on the market showed (see report at csi. mckinsey. com: â€Å"Living it up in luxury. †) Still, insiders are asking whether it can last. For one thing, according to McKinsey’s survey , the percentage of household income that luxury consumers spend on luxury is already higher in South Korea (5%), than in Japan (4%)3—and the Japanese luxury market has been stagnant in recent years. Moreover, the performances of famous brands in Korea have been mixed. For example, LVMH and Ferragamo continued to do well, but others, like Gucci Group and Dior, saw sales drop in real terms in 2010. 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 Thus, while the headline news is that the luxury market is still growing strongly, uncertainty is also mounting. In this year’s report, McKinsey addresses these concerns, which come in the form of three key questions: Can South Korea keep it up? What’s changing? And what do these trends mean for the players in the luxury industry? To answer these questions, for the second year in a row, McKinsey surveyed 1,000 Koreans who had purchased at least 1 million Korean won ($930) in luxury goods in the previous year across four categories —fashion apparel, leather goods, shoes, and watches/jewelry. Among the respondents were 200 â€Å"heavy purchasers†Ã¢â‚¬â€those who had spent at least 10 million Korean won ($9,300). We also interviewed 24 senior executives of luxury-goods companies. Here’s what we found. 5 Let’s start with the proposition that not all consumers are created equal; to a startling degree, it is mainly the heavy purchasers who are keeping the Korean luxury market rolling with such force. For example, Lotte department store estimated that the number of â€Å"Most Valuable Customers†Ã¢â‚¬â€those who spend 15 million won ($14,000) or more a year—rose 14. 4% in 2010, compared to 9. 2% for other kinds of luxury consumers. The number of VIP customers at Shinsegae department store —those who spend more than 8 million won ($7,400) —grew 35%, compared to 12% for other consumers. 6 Shopping at the high end also appears to be habit-forming. McKinsey found that heavy purchasers are much more likely to say that they enjoy their goodies â€Å"as much as I always have† vs. non-heavy customers (33% to 12%). This difference in attitude was reflected in their actual spending: The big-spenders indicated that they had spent more on all four luxury categories in the previous 12 months. Non-heavy buyers were pickier: While they spent more on watches and leather, they spent less on South Korea: Living it up in luxury Special Report: 2010 Luxury Goods Survey McKinsey Company South Korea Brian Salsberg Naomi Yamakawa 1. Can South Korea keep it up? Yes. A number of trends, small and large, are creating a model of sustainable growth for the next three to five years. McKinsey Insights China Euromonitor Ministry of Knowledge Economy McKinsey analysis Financial Supervisory Service The report surveyed at least 200 luxury consumers for each product category; luxury consumers were screened based on purchase history of select luxury brands (ranging from affordable â€Å"masstige† brands to â€Å"super premium† brands) and included 85 luxury fashion apparel brands, 57 luxury leather goods and shoes brands, and 47 luxury watch/jewelry brands. Asia Economy, â€Å"VIP customers have increased at department stores,† August 28, 2010 No seismic shift for luxury in post-quake Japan (June 2011) Understanding China’s growing love for luxury (March 2011) Korea’s luxury market: Demanding consumers,but room to grow (August 2011) South Korea: Living it up in luxury (August 2010) How to cite Standing Tall: Japan’s Resilient Luxury Market, Papers

Five Students Behavior Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Primary Five Students Behavior. Answer: Introduction When teachers speak about behavior relating to the primary five students, usually refer to the bad behavior which includes, off-task, confrontational, un-biddable, maladjusted, acting-out, naughty, disruptive, anti-social and non-cooperative. These behaviors arise due to emotional and behavioral difficulties (Blackwood, 2014). The following categories show the behaviors of primary five in categories. Interest in schoolwork Negative approach to school Short attention span Constantly needs reminders Does not finish work/gives up easily Verbal off-task behaviors Learning organization Fails to meet deadlines, not prepared Inaccurate, messy and slow work Forgetful, copies or rushes work Communication Lack of use of non-verbal skills Constantly talks Inappropriate timing of communication Poor communication skills Work efficiency in a group Does not take turns Refuses to share Necessity in seeking help Makes excessive and inappropriate demands Does not ask finding out questions Constantly seeking assistance Behavior towards the teaching staff Deliberately interrupts to annoy Aims verbal aggression, swears at teacher Talks back impertinently to the teacher Responds negatively to instructions Respect to other pupils Inappropriate sexual behaviors Teases and bullies Scornful use of social aggression Verbal violence at other pupils Attention seeking Do dangerous things without thought Shouts and otherwise seeks attention Calls out, eats, run around the class Throws things, climbs on things Hum, fidgets, disturbs others Physically peaceable Cruel/spiteful Fights aims physical violence at others Bullies and intimidates physically Losses temper throws things Proper respect Steals things Destroy own and others things Poor respect for property Empathy Selfish No awareness of feelings of others Emotionally detached Intolerant Social awareness Stares blankly listless Not accepted or well-liked Few friends Shows bizarre behavior Withdrawn or unresponsive Does not participate in class activity Inactive daydreams stares into space Happiness Serious, said self-harming Infers suicide Prone to emotional upset, tearful Depressed, unhappy or discontented Confidence Lacks self-esteem, cautious, shy Does not take initiative Does not take initiative Reticent, fears failure, feels inferior Anxious, tense, tearful Emotional stability Does not recover quickly from upset Does not express feelings Frequent mood changes, irritable Over-reacts does not accept punishment or praise Does not delay gratification Inappropriate emotional reaction These behaviors greatly affect teaching thus hindering the teachers from executing their duties. Using operant condition technique on primary five students to control their behavior Many teaching staffs acknowledge that discipline is important for a child's success and development. The general belief about discipline is that it must be attained through punishment. However, this is not always the case; operant conditioning can also be used to foster positive reinforcement. This can be used in the classroom encourage the good behavior you want - and need among your pupils. The theory of operant conditioning is a theory that encourages good behavior through positive reinforcements and discourages negative behavior through negative reinforcement. According to the Psychologists, every action has an equal and opposite reaction or what is mostly referred to as a consequence. When the actions are good, there is a possibility that the individual might repeat the same action in future due to the realized positive consequences. On the other hand, if the consequence emanating from his actions is negative, chances of repeating such actions in a similar situation are minor. Through a repeated process of these actions and consequences, behavior is developed as the individual continues to learn what is appropriate and useful, and what is not (Aloff, 2013). Operant conditioning is very useful and effective in the classroom environment. Ways of reinforcing good behavior include praises, and rewards (Vargas, 2017). The following example shows how the praising works in a classroom environment. During 'listening time' in class, pupils are advised to remain quiet, and if they feel the need to make a vocal contribution, they are advised to raise up their hand. Those pupils who managed to sit quietly and behave in an exemplary way, were praised by the teacher by telling them well done- just as I asked'. The students would feel pleased by themselves due to the positive response was given to them. From there onwards, the kids are likely to repeat the action of listening quietly and raising their hands to make a vocal contribution in the future, due to the feeling of pride and self-satisfaction, which they want to emulate. (Axelrod, Hall, 2015). Though the technique is simple, the teacher has managed to teach the pupils on the kind of behavior that she desires, and through positive reinforcement, the child gets the urge to impress the teacher hence mutual positive outcome is realized. Another technique is through the use of rewards. However, rewards should not be used more often as they lead to addiction and dependency. Rewards make the pupils unable to act the same way in the future without rewards (Fredrick, 2017). Through incorporating operant conditioning techniques into lesson plans, the teacher can teach the pupils useful skills - as well as good behaviors. A teacher may use symbols such as smiley faces, stamps, stickers, and even simple ticks when a child does something correctly; this will motivate the pupils to repeat the good work again in the future (Staddon, Niv, 2012). Also, the operant conditioning can still be used by the teacher when he/she wants to teach the children a new skill or behavior e.g. spelling a word. To show the children that they have done the correct thing, the teacher can administer praise and do the opposite when they fail to get it right. The aim is to ensure that the teacher natures the pupils by aiding them in their development through instilling positive culture and approach Garner, 2017). Strengths Skinner theory advocates that that says, when a child is rewarded based on good behavior, there is a possibility that he/she will repeat the good behavior. If the pupil is not shown that the behavior is good through positive reinforcement such as praise and rewards, he/she lacks the drive to continue the good behavior. Consequently, when a pupil misbehaves, negative reinforcement, which strengthens the behavior in a positive way, may be applied. Punishing children as result of behaving in a certain way will make them not to repeat the behavior again. Using positive and negative reinforcement may help to solve pupils behavior problems. The pupils start to realize mentally and make the association between good behavior with rewards, and bad behavior with punishment. Good results will emanate from good behavior, while bad behavior produces an undesirable result (Simmon, 2017). Applying the operant theory can be more helpful in controlling a childs behavior compared to punishment o control students behavior. Usually when a child misbehaves, the teacher gives a punishment. The punishment may include taking away the privilege, issue more homework, or swap seats. If shows a good behaviour, special privileges are then given to the students, or free time, this is referred to as positive reinforcement. The other positive and negative reinforcements that can be used by the teacher are grades. When the pupil does not study for a test, the student scores low grades. The low grade acts as negative reinforcement for failing to do extra studies and high grades for studying. The operant theory is useful when developing children behavior, and when teaching them (Geis, Stebbins, Lundin, 2016). Weaknesses The operant theory seems to deal with the specific type of behavior that is good and bad. It looks like there may be no difference in between. The habit of reinforcing good behavior as a teacher is tiresome and can only takes place for a few times. The pupil ought to learn how to behave well and continue on that trend long after positive reinforcements has stopped. When the positive reinforcements stop, the pupil might stop behaving in a good way as well. Consequently, a pupil with a continuous bad behavior can only be punished many times before he/she loses the drive to work on his/her behavior. According to the operant theory, a badly behaving child requires a type of motivation to influence good behavior. Sometimes if whatever is discouraging negative reinforcement may not be adequate, in such a case an indirect motivation may be applied to influence a childs good behavior (Gupta, 2017). During the application of operant conditioning o pupils, it is advisable to allow a little room that encourages group work as well as asking of questions. Operant conditioning is rooted on improving behavior from lowest level of thinking, through the process of reinforcement, and continuously moves up until the desired behavior is attained. To practice the operant theory in the classroom, individual tasks are then given to the pupils by the teacher by the topic. This task is repeated until completion. This theory shows that the lack of engagement and motivation among the pupils, is the source of weakness in behavioral change. Students ought to engage in-group discussion and be encouraged to solve problems through experiments and research (Hasekiu, 2013). Reinforcement There are positive and negative reinforcements. These reinforcements work through increasing the likelihood of behavior. As for punishment, any action weakens that reduces the chance of the occurrence of behavior is termed as punishment.Positive punishment discourages a behavior through presenting unpleasant consequences after the response; on the other hand, negative punishment destroys a response by discouraging something pleasant. For instance, when a pupil is grounded after fighting with another pupil, will probably refrain from fighting due to the positive punishment. Another example is when a pupil misses the opportunity to go to recess after getting a poor grade. This is a negative punishment that makes the pupil improve the grades (Joseph, 1974). However, sometimes it becomes difficult to differentiate whether the punishment is positive and encourages behavior or negative punishment that decreases the behavior. For On a hot day cold wind con be viewed as a positive reinforcer as it brings a cool air to cool the heat, or a negative reinforce as it takes the heat away. However, it is a possible that the reinforcer can be positive negative at the same time. For instance, a smoker may smoke a cigarette for pleasure, which is a positive enforcement and eliminates the craving for nicotine, which makes it a negative reinforcement (Mike, 2011). When trying to change behavior, it is advisable that reinforcement and punishment are not contradicting each other. The use of positive reinforcement to change behavior is more fruitful than punishment. The reason behind it is that positive reinforcement tends to create a good feeling on the person or animal. This helps to create a relationship that is positive between the individual giving the reinforcement. Some of the positive reinforcement that can be used includes financial reward, awarding of status or prestige and verbal praise or approval. Punishment is more likely to encourage temporary changes in behavior as it leads to the creation of a negative relationship between the individual giving the reinforcement. In the absence of that individual providing the punishment, the chances of developing the unwanted behavior are high (Rachlin, 2015). Creating Complex Behaviors with the help of Operant Conditioning To instill complex behaviors, one needs to extend the use of operant learning and alter the schedule that is used for reinforcement. This paper has mostly discussed on continuous reinforcement schedule, upon which a behavior that is desired is reinforced whenever it occurs (Segal, 2016). Continuous reinforcement helps in obtaining fast results in learning. However, the behavior is extinct once the reinforcer disappears. The main challenge that the responder may give up quickly if the desired behavior is not realized despite the reinforcements (Rachlin, 2015) In real life situations, reinforcers are rarely continuous; they appear within a schedule that is intermittent and may reinforce the response or in some occasions fail to. Intermittent reinforcement leads to a slow change in behavior In comparison to continuous reinforcement, however, they lead to resistance to extinction. This is due to the reason that they take longer to reappear and thus before the learner realizes that there is no reward to accompany the behavior. Thus, it sticks and takes the time to be extinct (Sakamoto, 2017). References Aloff, B. (2013).Positive Reinforcement(1st ed.). Neptune City: TFH Publications. Axelrod, S., Hall, R. (2015).Behavior modification(1st ed.). Austin, Tex.: Pro-Ed. Blackwood, R. (2014).The Control of Anti-Social Behavior in Inner-City Classrooms Through the Use of Verbally Mediated Self-Control (Teaching Verbally Mediated Self-Control in the Classroom). Final Report(1st ed.). Fredrick, H. (2017).ISTC 301: Integrating Instructional Tech / Strengths and Weaknesses of Operant Conditioning.Integratingtech301.pbworks.com. Retrieved 6 May 2017, from https://integratingtech301.pbworks.com/w/page/20021638/Strengths%20and%20Weaknesses%20of%20Operant%20Conditioning Garner, P. (2017).Challenging Behaviour in the Classroom.amazonaws. Retrieved 6 May 2017, from https://documents.routledge-interactive.s3.amazonaws.com/9781138787704/st/Challenging_Behaviour_in_the_Classroom.pdf Geis, G., Stebbins, W., Lundin, R. (2016).Reflex and operant conditioning(1st ed.). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Gupta, B. (2017). Extraversion and reinforcement in verbal operant conditioning.British Journal Of Psychology,67(1), 47-52. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1976.tb01496.x Hasekiu, F. (2013). Learning of Bullyings Acts Throught Operant Conditioning.Mediterranean Journal Of Social Sciences. https://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n9p519 Joseph, J. (1974). Operant Conditioning.The American Journal Of Nursing,74(3), 517. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3469653 Mike, M. (2011).Behavior Modification of Emotionally Disturbed Youth, Final Report of Educational Adjustment Classes(1st ed.). Rachlin, H. (2015). Classical conditioning and operant conditioning: A response pattern analysis.Psyccritiques,24(7). https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/018877 Sakamoto, W. (2017).7.2 Changing Behavior Through Reinforcement and Punishment: Operant Conditioning | Introduction to Psychology.Open.lib.umn.edu. Retrieved 6 May 2017, from https://open.lib.umn.edu/intropsyc/chapter/7-2-changing-behavior-through-reinforcement-and-punishment-operant-conditioning/ Segal, E. (2016). Brief Books on a Large Topic: Operant Conditioning.Psyccritiques,20(12). https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/014467 Simmon, S. (2017).How To Use Operant conditioning in your classroom.Teach-nology.com. Retrieved 6 May 2017, from https://www.teach-nology.com/tutorials/teaching/operantcond.html Staddon, J., Niv, Y. (2012). Operant conditioning.Scholarpedia,3(9), 2318. https://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.2318 Vargas, J. (2017). From Operant Conditioning to Selection by Consequences.Interao Em Psicologia,20(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.5380/psi.v20i3.49113